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How Core Web Vitals affect SEO

核心网页指标对搜索引擎优化的影响
原文
Understanding your application's Google page experience ranking and Lighthouse scores.
深入理解您的应用程序在谷歌页面体验排名和灯塔（Lighthouse）评分方面的表现。
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Core Web Vitals influence how your application's pages rank on Google. Here, we'll dive into what they are, how they’re measured, and how your users and search ranking are impacted by them.
核心网页指标（Core Web Vitals）在决定您的应用程序页面在谷歌搜索中的排名方面扮演着重要角色。接下来，我们将探讨这些指标是什么、它们是如何被测量的，以及它们是如何影响用户体验和搜索排名的。
Malte Ubl is the CTO of Vercel and former Director of Google Search responsible for shipping the “Page Experience” ranking rollout—which heavily utilizes Core Web Vital. That said, everything written here is publicly documented and linked where appropriate.
Malte Ubl 是 Vercel 的首席技术官，曾是谷歌搜索的前负责人，他负责推出重度依赖核心网页指标的“页面体验”排名系统。值得一提的是，本文中的所有内容都有公开的文献支持，并在适当的地方提供了链接。

How Google ranks based on page speed

谷歌是如何基于页面速度进行排名的
Your site’s ranking in Google Search is impacted by Google’s page experience ranking system, which evaluates the performance of your site based on Google’s Core Web Vitals metrics.
您的网站在谷歌搜索中的排名，受到谷歌页面体验排名系统的影响。该系统基于谷歌的核心网页指标来评估您网站的性能。
Google collects Core Web Vitals by observing how real users interact with your website and reporting that back to its servers (more detail about how this works below).
谷歌通过观察真实用户与您的网站互动的方式，并将这些信息反馈给其服务器来收集核心网页指标（具体工作方式将在下文中详细介绍）。
We call this type of data field data because it gets collected from real users browsing your site. This is different from lab data, which is the result of tests run in a "lab setting" to determine how well your site performs. Google’s Lighthouse is an example of a lab test.
我们将这种类型的数据称为“现场数据”，因为它是从真实用户浏览您的网站时收集的。这与“实验室数据”不同，后者是在“实验室环境”中进行的测试结果，用于评估您的网站性能。谷歌的灯塔测试就是一种实验室测试。
Maybe the most important takeaway of this article is this:
文章中最重要的一点是：
Google only considers the Core Web Vitals field data when ranking your site. Google does not consider your Lighthouse score in any way for search ranking.
在对您的网站进行排名时，谷歌只考虑核心网页指标的现场数据。谷歌在搜索排名中不会考虑您的灯塔评分。

Contextualizing search ranking factors

将搜索排名因素与具体情境相结合
Page experience is a ranking factor in Google Search that utilizes Core Web Vitals to determine how your website performs relative to other sites. Page experience is one of many ranking factors in Google Search, which all get aggregated together to determine your site's ranking on a search result page.
在谷歌搜索中，页面体验是一个重要的排名因素，它通过核心网页指标来评估您的网站与其他网站的相对表现。页面体验只是众多影响谷歌搜索排名的因素之一，这些因素共同作用，决定了您网站在搜索结果页上的位置。
Relevancy to the query and quality of the content are substantially more important factors than page experience. However, for scenarios where you and your competitors have very similar relevancy, page experience may decide who comes out on top.
相较于页面体验，查询的相关性和内容质量对排名的影响更大。但在您和竞争对手的相关性高度相似的情况下，页面体验可能就成了决定谁能脱颖而出的关键。
Where page experience and Core Web Vitals are unique is that:
页面体验和核心网页指标的独特之处在于：
  • You can improve these metrics through your own work.
      • 您可以通过自身努力改进这些指标。
  • Google is transparent about how well you’re doing.
      • 谷歌对您在这些指标上的表现非常透明。
Core Web Vitals are much less of a black box than other ranking factors. Optimizing them involves far less “guesswork” than improving relevancy and is easier to measure than content quality.
与其他排名因素相比，核心网页指标的“神秘感”要少得多。优化这些指标所需的“猜测”工作远少于提高相关性，并且比评估内容质量更为简单。
On top of that, improving Core Web Vitals improves user experience, which drives conversion.
更重要的是，提升核心网页指标可以显著改善用户体验，从而有效促进转化率的提高。

How to see your application’s Core Web Vitals

如何查看你应用程序的核心网页体验指标
The authoritative data source for how well your entire app performs for page experience rankings is Google Search Console.
要了解你的整个应用在页面体验排名上的表现，最权威的数据来源就是 Google 搜索控制台（Google Search Console）。
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Google 搜索控制台的核心网络指标(Core Web Vitals)页面。
A simple way to access per-page data is Google’s PageSpeed Insights, which is grouped into two main sections: Core Web Vitals and Lighthouse.
要想简便地访问每个页面的数据，可以使用 Google 的页面速度分析工具(PageSpeed Insights)，它主要分为两大部分：核心网页指标(Core Web Vitals)和灯塔(Lighthouse)。

Field data: Core Web Vitals

场景数据：核心网络指标(Core Web Vitals)
In the top section of PageSpeed Insights, labeled “Discover what your real users are experiencing,” Google collects global field data of the 75th percentile of actual users who have accessed your application in the last 28 days from Chrome browser (desktop and Android mobile devices).
在页面速度分析工具(PageSpeed Insights)的顶部区域，你会看到一个标签“发现你的真实用户所经历的”，这里 Google 收集了最近 28 天内实际用户通过 Chrome 浏览器（包括桌面和 Android 移动设备）使用您的应用所产生的全球场景数据中的第 75 百分位水平。
Google uses the first three metrics of this real-world data—Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), First Input Delay (FID), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)—to alter the rank of your application based on the scores. Note that in March 2024, Interaction to Next Paint (INP) will replace FID.
Google 根据以下三个核心网络性能指标——最大内容绘制(Largest Contentful Paint, LCP)、首次输入延迟(First Input Delay, FID)、累积布局位移(Cumulative Layout Shift, CLS)——来调整您应用在搜索结果中的排名。值得注意的是，从 2024 年 3 月开始，交互到下一次绘制(Interaction to Next Paint, INP) 将替代首次输入延迟作为核心网络指标之一。
These three Core Web Vitals are the only data Google uses to affect the rank of your app based on its web performance, and the scores seen here are exactly the numbers Google uses, albeit averaged into a group with similarly-performing pages on your application.
Google 仅使用这三个核心网络指标来衡量您的应用网络性能，并据此影响搜索排名。您在此处看到的分数正是 Google 使用的确切数字，尽管这是将您应用中性能相似的页面分数平均化后的结果。
You’ll also notice there are tabs for both desktop and mobile. This is because Google ranks your application separately for mobile users vs. desktop users, based on the mobile and desktop versions of your site respectively.
网页顶部还设有桌面和移动设备的标签。Google 会根据您网站的移动版和桌面版的表现，分别为移动和桌面用户评定应用排名。
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The mobile Core Web Vitals for google.com. Google.com
移动版的核心网络指标示例。
The three metrics beneath the Core Web Vitals can offer further insight into user experience, but do not impact the rank of your application in search.
在核心网页指标下方列出的三个衡量标准可以进一步了解用户体验，但并不会影响应用在搜索排名中的位置。

Which users are included in Core Web Vitals field data?

哪些用户的数据会被纳入核心网络指标场景数据中？
The Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) is the official dataset of Google’s Core Web Vitals program, and its collection methodology is publicly documented. Notably, to be included in the report: Chrome
用户体验报告(CrUX) 是 Google 核心网络指标项目的官方数据集，其数据收集方法是公开记录的。值得注意的是，要被纳入报告的数据有一定条件：
Pages must be “sufficiently popular” and “publicly discoverable.” Whether your pages meet popularity thresholds can be determined via the CWV report in Search Console.
页面必须足够受欢迎且容易被公众发现。您的网页是否满足这些热度阈值可以通过搜索控制台中的核心网络指标(CWV)报告来判定。
Users must enable usage statistic reporting, sync their browser history (be signed in to Chrome), and not set a Sync passphrase.
用户需要开启使用情况统计报告，同步了浏览器历史记录（即已登陆到 Chrome），并且没有设置同步密码。
Users must use Chrome on either desktop or Android.
用户必须在桌面或 Android 设备上使用 Chrome 浏览器。
This last bullet means that none of your iPhone users are counted. This may be relevant insofar that in some markets Android phones skew slower than iPhones, and so a larger percentage of the slower visits to your site may be counted.
最后一点意味着 iPhone 用户的数据不会被包括在内。在某些市场，Android 设备可能普遍性能较慢，因此可能导致访问您网站的较慢的部分得到更多的统计。
If your application does not have enough real user data, then your Core Web Vitals cannot be measured and will not be considered in ranking your application.
如果您的应用没有足够的场景数据，那么其核心网络指将无法衡量，并且在搜索排名中不会被考虑。

Does it matter where my users are coming from?

用户地理位置的重要性
Another frequent question is: Does it matter where my users are coming from? Do I get penalized if I have lots of users in countries with slower internet connectivity?
另一个常见的问题是用户的地理位置是否重要。如果我的网站用户主要位于网络连接速度较慢的国家，这会影响网站的排名吗？
It does matter where your users are coming from. The point of field data is that it reflects your real users, and all users from all global regions are counted equally.
用户来源的地理位置的确重要。现场数据的核心意义在于反映了真实用户的体验，而全球所有地区的用户都享有等同的权重。
The good news is that internet connectivity and device performance have been improving worldwide, and with an edge network like Vercel’s, you can deliver great performance to every user on the planet.
不过，好消息是全球互联网连接速度和设备性能正持续提升。而利用 Vercel 这样的边缘网络技术，可以确保每位用户都享有优质的网络性能。

Caveat: 28-day sliding window

注意事项：28 天滚动窗口
Google collects Core Web Vitals data on a 28-day sliding window. Your score is essentially the average score of the last 28 days. If you make an improvement—or make things worse—it’s going to be a month before you understand the full impact of that action. Google
采用 28 天的滚动窗口收集核心网络指标数据。你的评分基本上是最近 28 天的平均值。无论是进步还是退步，都需要一个月的时间来全面了解改动带来的影响。
See below how Vercel's Speed Insight can help you get faster access to updated CWV data, so you can react to changes in realtime and prevent ranking regressions.
看看 Vercel 的速度洞察如何帮助你更快获取更新的 CWV 数据，从而实时应对变化，避免排名下降。

Lab data: Lighthouse

实验室数据：Lighthouse
In the second section of PageSpeed Insights, labeled “Diagnose performance issues,” Google simulates the performance of your application within Lighthouse, which is the same tool found in Chrome DevTools.
在 PageSpeed Insights 页面的第二部分，名为“诊断性能问题”，Google 使用 Chrome DevTools 中的同一工具——Lighthouse 灯塔技术——来模拟你的应用性能。
This is a completely distinct section from the field data scores above and is meant as suggestions for improvement if you’re not already meeting Google’s standards for real users.
这与上面提到的现场数据评分截然不同，它的目的在于针对未达到 Google 真实用户体验标准的情况提供建议。
To reiterate, **nothing in Lighthouse counts toward your site’s search ranking.**It gives optional guidance that can help you avoid common pitfalls in web app development.
强调一点，灯塔评分并不会影响你网站的搜索排名。它提供了可选择的指导，旨在帮助你避免 Web 应用开发中的典型错误。
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Google.com 的移动版 Lighthouse 得分。
The Lighthouse performance score—one of the most noticeable numbers on the page—is a weighted score of First Contentful Paint (FCP), Speed Index, LCP, Total Blocking Time (TBT), and CLS. Note that, after weighting, actual Core Web Vitals only represent 50% of this score, and FID/INP are not accounted for.
Lighthouse 灯塔的性能得分是页面上最显著的数字之一，它是根据第一次内容绘制(FCP)、速度指数、LCP、总阻塞时间(TBT) 和 CLS 的加权得分。值得注意的是，加权后，真正的核心网络指标仅占该得分的 50%，不包括 FID/INP。
Results here come from a device emulating a Moto G Power with a throttled network connection, which has specs that likely vary greatly from your actual users’ devices.
这些结果来源于一台模拟 Moto G Power 手机且限速网络连接的设备，它的规格可能与你真实用户所用的设备有相当大的差异。
his and other challenges associated with lab data (such as not accounting for what page a user may be coming from before navigating to the reported page), make Lighthouse scores not suitable as your only UX metric.
实验室数据还存在其他一些局限性，比如没有考虑用户在访问报告页面前的活动等因素，因此灯塔得分并不适合作为唯一的用户体验度量指标。
For instance, Total Blocking Time (TBT) as a metric often does not reflect real user experience. This is because modern frameworks like React interrupt execution if there is a user event—and hence deliver good FID and INP—but the lab test cannot know that when it is observing how much CPU is being used without real user interactions.
例如，总阻塞时间（TBT）这个指标往往不能反映真实的用户体验。因为现代框架如 React 在出现用户事件时会中断操作，这保证了良好的 FID 和 INP 指标。然而，在实验室测试中，未能考虑真实用户互动的情况，它只是观察了 CPU 使用情况而已。

Interpreting your Lighthouse scores

解读你的 Lighthouse 得分
Despite challenges with lab data, Lighthouse still provides useful information, especially in narrowing down which parts of your application may be causing issues for your users. For instance:
尽管实验室数据存在局限，灯塔数据依然提供了有用的信息，尤其是在缩小可能影响用户体验的应用程序部分方面。例如：
  • Performance - If your Core Web Vitals are not in an acceptable range, Lighthouse points to possible issues, like linking scripts that may be blocking the main thread for too long. It also displays which exact element is being counted as causing your LCP.
      • 性能 - 如果你的核心网络指标表现不佳，灯塔会指向可能的问题，如可能长时间阻塞主线程的脚本。它还会显示哪个具体元素导致了你的 LCP 不佳快
  • Accessibility - Lighthouse spots common errors such as unnamed links or form fields without labels. It can also screenshot elements that don’t have a high enough contrast ratio or links that don’t have enough space to tap.
      • 可访问性 - 灯塔能够发现常见问题，比如未命名的链接或无标签的表单字段。它还能截图显示对比度不足或触碰区域不够的元素快
  • Best Practices - This Lighthouse category is a bit of a catch-all for suggestions that improve the security and usability of your applications. Information here will help browsers parse your code more easily and help to prevent some (but not nearly all) common vulnerabilities like XSS.
      • 最佳实践 - 这一类别包含了一些综合建议，用以提升应用的安全性和可用性。这些建议有助于浏览器更效率地解析代码，便可以预防 XSS 等常见漏洞的发生快
  • SEO - Lighthouse offers advice here about the technical portion of your SEO—the technical ways to help search engines crawl your site. These checks can be very helpful in debugging why your site may not be ranking as you expect, but they’re far from exhaustive in addressing all factors that may affect your app’s SEO.
      • SEO - 灯塔在这里提供了关于 SEO 技术问题的建议——如何帮助搜索引擎更好地抓取网站内容。这些检查在调试你的网站排名不理想时非常有帮助，但它们远远不能涵盖所有可能影响你的应用 SEO 的因素快
A quicker way to iterate on Core Web Vitals: Vercel Speed Insights
快速迭代核心网络指标的方法：
Vercel Speed Insights
Google’s data is the authoritative source for how your application is ranking in search and performing for your real users. However, as we mentioned above, the data that Google makes available uses a 28-day sliding window.
虽然 Google 的数据是评估你的应用在搜索中的排名和真实用户性能的权威来源，但如我们之前提到的，Google 提供的数据基于 28 天的滚动窗口。
This means that if you ship an improvement or a regression it can take up to one month to see the full impact. And then, if you need to ship a fix for a regression, it can take yet another month for Google to pick up the improvement.
这意味着，无论是进步还是退步，它们的完全影响可能需要长达一个月时间才能呈现。随后，如果你需要修复一个问题，再经过一个月后，Google 才可能捕捉到该改进。
To maximize your iteration velocity, Vercel created Speed Insights. Since Chromium browsers expose Core Web Vital metrics as users access your site, the Speed Insights package installed on your site accesses these to report your real-time data. Then, you can react quickly, discovering and fixing problems the moment they appear.
为了加速你的迭代过程，Vercel 开发了速度洞察工具。由于 Chromium 浏览器在用户访问网站时公开了核心网络指标数据，因此在你的网站上安装的 Vercel 速度洞察工具能够访问这些数据，实时报告。你可以迅速发现并修复问题，及时响应用户体验的变化。
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A snapshot of the Speed Insights tab from the project view.
项目视图中速度洞察(Speed Insights)标签的截图。
Just like all Vercel features tied to unlimited immutable deployments, you can view Speed Insights on a per-deployment or even per-branch basis, allowing you to easily see the effect of each git push on application performance.
正如 Vercel 所提供的其他特性一样，它们都关联到无限次数的稳定部署，你可以基于每次部署或者每个分支来查看速度洞察(Speed Insights)数据，这使你能轻松地观察到每个 git 提交是如何影响应用性能的。
Unlike Google’s PageSpeed Insights, you can filter data to smaller windows than the past 28 days, allowing you to see the immediate effects of your changes or to measure arbitrary timespans correlated to large codebase changes.
不同于 Google 的页面速度洞察(PageSpeed Insights)，你可以通过更短的时间窗口来过滤数据，而不是仅限于过去 28 天，从而让你立即看到你的变更所带来的效果，或者分析与大规模代码库更新相关的任何时间段对性能的影响。
You can also view individual routes of your application and view data by the 75th percentile of users (Google’s standard) and 90th, 95th, and 99th.
你还可以查看你的应用程序中各个路由的性能，并按照用户体验的第 75 个百分位（Google 的标准）、第 90，第 95 和第 99 个百分位来查看数据。
Furthermore, you can filter results by global region, allowing you to better allocate resources to where your actual users reside.
此外，你还可以根据全球区域来过滤结果，这有助于你将资源更合理地分配到实际用户所在的区域。
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Geographic map of the P75 score where the color intensity indicates the relative amount of data points per country.
反映第 75 个百分位得分的地理分布图，图中的颜色深浅表示了各个国家的数据点相对数量。
To ensure that the Speed Insights feature can be used despite many different regulatory limitations around the world, we've designed it in such a way that it provides you with information without being tied to, or associated with, any individual visitor or IP address.
为了确保在全球各种不同的法律法规限制之下，速度洞察(Speed Insights)特性依旧可用，我们特别设计了这一功能，它能提供相关信息，同时不会涉及任何特定访客的身份或 IP 地址。

Further reading: Optimizing Core Web Vitals

进一步了解：如何优化核心网络指标(Core Web Vitals)
Now that you have an overview of what Core Web Vitals are, how to measure them, and how they impact your application, you may be wondering, “How do I optimize each metric?”
现在，你已经了解了核心网络指标的概念、测量方式以及它们对应用的影响，你可能会思考：“如何优化这些指标？”
We will be publishing more content on this topic shortly, but for now, we recommend Google’s technical guides on optimizing individual metrics: Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS), First Input Delay (FID), and Interaction to Next Paint (INP).
我们不久将发布更多关于此主题的内容。但在此之前，我们推荐 Google 提供的针对各个指标优化的技术指南，分别是最大内容绘制(LCP)、累积布局偏移(CLS)、首次输入延迟(FID)，以及交互到下一次绘制(INP)。

Takeaways

关键要点
  • Improving Core Web Vitals is the most transparent ranking factor in Google Search, since you have direct access to the underlying data used by Google to rank your site.
  • 提升核心网络指标(Core Web Vitals)是 Google 搜索排名一个最具透明度的因素，因为你能直接获取到 Google 用来对你的网站进行评级的原始数据。
  • Only Core Web Vitals count for Google’s search ranking. Your Lighthouse score is ignored.
  • 在谷歌的搜索排名中，唯有核心网络指标起着决定性作用。与此同时，你的 Lighthouse 评分并不会被纳入考虑。
  • Google’s data uses a 28-day sliding window. For improving your site speed at a higher iteration velocity, Vercel’s Speed Insights gets you real-time, easily filterable access to your Core Web Vitals.
  • 谷歌的数据基于一个 28 天的周期窗口收集。如果你想要更快地提升你的网站速度，Vercel 的速度分析功能将为你提供即时更新的、易于筛选的核心网络指标数据。
Need to optimize your metrics?
想要优化你的网站性能指标吗？
Adopting Next.js or Vercel’s world-class managed infrastructure are great ways to improve your Core Web Vitals.
采纳使用 Next.js 或是选择 Vercel 提供的一流托管服务是显著提高你的核心网络指标的有效途径。